12-22-2023, 07:08 AM
(This post was last modified: 07-26-2024, 06:39 PM by Top Row Dawg.)
Georgia Natural Wonder #118 - Magnolia Springs - Jenkins County
OK I need just two more swamps for my waterfall to swamp run of Natural Wonders. While it may not be a full swamp, it does have boardwalks and alligators, so we turn to ........
Magnolia Springs State Park is a 1,070-acre Georgia state park located between Perkins and Millen in Jenkins County. The park was built as a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps and opened in 1939. The park is well known for its crystal clear springs that are estimated to flow 7 million US gallons per day.
A TRD Nugget as the Grateful Dead sing about Sugar Magnolia. Play as you view the post.
The park also offers unique wildlife near the springs, including alligators, turtles, and a variety of birds and fish.
During the American Civil War the area that now comprises the day-use area of the park was used as a prison, and was called Camp Lawton, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park still houses remnants of the earthen fort that guarded the 10,000-prisoner camp.
Two huge timbers, possibly from the prison but more likely from work done by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1938 and 1942, were recovered from the spring run.
The park has 26 tent/RV campsite, eight fully furnished cottages with central HVAC and satellite TV a, a 16-person Group Lodge with satellite TV and screened back porch, and a new History Center that currently displays some of the first artifacts excavated by the archaeology team from Georgia Southern University.
Georgia Southern's Sociology/Anthropology Department has been conducting surveys and excavations for a number of years at the park, serving as a partner in revealing and interpreting the history of Camp Lawton. In the summer of 2015 the park is opening a splash pad to ultimately take the place of the aging and underused swimming pool.
The nearby Bo Ginn Aquarium and Fish Hatchery has been closed since 2010 after a short period of operation by the Jenkins County Development Authority, but had also been closed twice before by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (1997) and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (2007).
Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery and Aquarium
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) expects to bring the Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery into operation in the spring of 2011.
Located in Millen, Georgia, halfway between Augusta and Savannah, the 127-acre Bo Ginn hatchery is a valuable asset for aquatic resource conservation in the Southeast. The hatchery accesses crystal clear springs that are estimated to flow between seven to nine million gallons per day. It will serve as a refuge for threatened and endangered aquatic species and other rare species of concern.
Species of fish raised at the hatchery will depend on the particular needs at the time and will be in cooperation with partners, including the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Fish that occur in more than one state, such as striped bass, are priority species for the National Fish Hatchery System, and will likely be raised at Bo Ginn NFH.
The Bo Ginn Aquarium at the hatchery has been operated by the Jenkins County Development Authority for the past year. The Service plans to continue that partnership and anticipates the aquarium will eventually become a fully functioning component of the hatchery.
In 1950, the FWS established the Millen National Fish Hatchery on the site. In 1988, it was renamed the Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery and Aquarium in honor of Ronald “Bo” Ginn, who represented Georgia’s 1st District in Congress from 1972-1982.
Bo
In 1996, Bo Ginn ceased operation, and the FWS transferred use and occupancy of the hatchery to the state of Georgia. In December, 2009, Georgia transferred use of the hatchery back to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The land itself has remained in federal ownership since 1948.
Spring & Trails
Magnolia Springs State Park is known for its crystal-clear springs flowing 7 to 9 million gallons of water per day and the beautiful boardwalk which spans the cool water.
During warmer months, visitors may watch for alligators, turtles and other wildlife near the springs.
A 28-acre lake with accessible dock is available for fishing and boating.
Numerous picnic shelters and tables are perfect locations for family reunions and birthday parties.
Magnolia Springs State Park is part of both the Park Paddlers Club and the Muddy Spokes Club. Paddlers who explore the small lake and bikers who finish the parks 3-mile loop can work toward earning members-only t-shirts.
Woodpecker Trail
This short trail starts with a boardwalk loop near Magnolia Springs, which flows at 7 million gallons per day.
The pool near the springs is crystal clear, but you don't want to swim in it with the alligators.
You can also expect to see turtles and a number of species of birds.
After the boardwalk section ends, the soil base becomes sandy—mostly hard packed but occasionally beach like.
There are a few roots along the way, but overall the trail is very easy.
There are interpretive signs along the way that list the different animals you can expect to see in the area.
Magnolia Springs Loop Trail
Magnolia Springs Loop Trail is a 3.8 mile lightly trafficked loop trail located near Millen, Georgia that offers the chance to see wildlife and is good for all skill levels. The trail offers a number of activity options and is accessible year-round. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
A little bit of history and a wonderful nature hike! I didn’t think I would see so much here, beautiful little park. I saw it. woodpecker in the first 10 minutes of being here.
Then there were alligators, turtles and fish swimming in the spring. Also saw a snake, an owl, heard and saw several types of song birds, an osprey, and a hawk. Wildflowers and trees were in bloom. The trails had a lot of tree roots sticking up, so watch for them.
Overall the trails were real easy to navigate. Only one hill to go up, flat or sloping most of the rest of the hike. Bikers do use the Lime Sink Trail. Hardly anyone on the trails, made for a very peaceful hike!
History
Camp Lawton was established during the Civil War in the fall of 1864 by the Confederate Army to house Union prisoners of war. The Magnolia Springs site was selected to take advantage of the abundant water supply. Built by slave labor and a group of Union prisoners of pine timber harvested on site, the walls measured 12 to 15 feet high. The stockade began receiving the first of at least 10,299 prisoners in early October. The post was abandoned by the end of November when threatened by Sherman’s drive on Savannah.
Research using ground-penetrating radar conducted in December 2009 by the Lamar Institute of Technology revealed a possible location for the southwest corner of the prison stockade. In 2010 Georgia Southern University undertook archaeological investigations to "ground truth" the results of the GPR survey. In August of that year several Georgia Southern archaeology students uncovered the stockade and around 200 Civil War artifacts. The students had used watercolors by an imprisoned private to locate the site.
Camp Lawton or the Millen Prison was a stockade which held Union soldiers who been taken as prisoners-of-war during the American Civil War. It opened in October 1864 near Millen, Georgia, in Jenkins County and had to be evacuated within six weeks, due to the advance of Sherman's army through Georgia. With an area of 42 acres and holding over 10,000 of a planned 40,000 men, it was said to be the largest prison in the world at that time.
The area of Magnolia Springs State Park that now comprises the day-use area was used as the prison. The park still houses remnants of the earthen fort that guarded the 10,000-prisoner camp. Two huge timbers, possibly from the prison but more likely from work done by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1938 and 1942, were recovered. The park's new History Center currently displays some of the first artifacts excavated by the archaeology team from Georgia Southern University. Georgia Southern's Sociology/Anthropology Department has been conducting surveys and excavations for a number of years at the park, serving as a partner in revealing and interpreting the history of Camp Lawton.
Magnolia Springs State Park now incorporates the area of Camp Lawton, including some historic earthworks.
Another Account of Camp Lawton
In operation for only three months, Camp Lawton was a major Civil War prison built by Confederates in 1864 near Millen, Georgia. The site is preserved today at Magnolia Springs State Park in Millen, about one hour south of Augusta.
By the summer of 1864, the Confederate prisoner of war camp at Andersonville was hopelessly overcrowded. The death rate was alarming and Southern officers scrambled to do something to alleviate the situation. The Union had put a halt to prisoner exchanges and the Confederacy found itself dealing with ever increasing numbers of prisoners of war.
General John H. Winder, who oversaw prison camps in the South, ordered the construction of a new stockade on a farm near Millen, Georgia. Owned by Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Jones, the property held the advantages of being near a railroad that could be used to move large numbers of prisoners. It also had a good water supply thanks to a large spring adjacent to the stockade site.
The prison was built by enslaved laborers starting in the late summer of 1864. Working under the supervision of military officers, the slaves built a stockade of locally-harvested pine logs that enclosed an area of 42-acres. General Winder described it as the "largest prison in the world," and he was probably correct.
The walls stood 15-feet high and sentry boxes or "pigeon roosts" were placed atop the wall at regular intervals around the entire enclosure.
The stream flowing from the springs passed through the enclosure to provide water for drinking and washing. It also removed waste from the latrines as it flowed out of the prison.Inside the stockade at a distance of 30-feet from the walls, saplings were used to mark a "dead line." Any prisoner approaching the walls beyond this point could expect to be shot.On the high ground surrounding the prison, the Confederates built strong earthwork forts, a camp for the troops assigned to guard the prison and other needed facilities.
The forts were designed not only to protect the prison from attack, but also to make sure the prisoners did not try to riot and break free. The muzzles of cannon frowned down into the stockade from behind the earthen walls.Most of the prisoners of war sent to Camp Lawton in the fall of 1864 came from the overcrowded Camp Sumter at Andersonville. Brought in by rail to nearby Millen, they were marched the remaining 5 miles to the prison.
Assigned to guard the prisoners were the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Georgia Reserves, the 55th Georgia and the Florida Light Artillery. The reserves and infantrymen manned the "pigeon roosts" and other guard posts while the Florida artillerymen served the cannon that overlooked the stockade. The prisoners confined at Camp Lawton lived a pretty miserable existence. Barracks were not provided for them so they built their own shelters or "shebangs" out of brush left behind from the stockade construction. More than a few also burrowed into the earth.
Archaeological work at the site has been carried out by Georgia Southern University. Working during the summers of 2010 and 2011, the archaeologists have found buried parts of the stockade and other structures, as well as a wealth of artifacts left behind by the prisoners themselves. By November of 1864, more than 10,000 POW's had been confined at Camp Lawton. Of this number, 725 died and were buried in two adjacent cemeteries. Their bodies were later removed to Beaufort National Cemetery.
Some of the prisoners left in an exchange of sick or wounded POW's at Savannah worked out by the two armies. The rest were quickly evacuated when news arrived that General William Tecumseh Sherman was advancing through Georgia on his March to the Sea. The last prisoners left on November 22, 1864.Union cavalry forces reached Camp Lawton four days later and, after walking through the sobering and adjacent cemeteries, applied the torch to both the stockade and adjacent buildings.
The site is now preserved at Magnolia Springs State Park and the adjacent Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery. An interpretive kiosk, signs and the earthwork remains of the forts that guarded the prison help visitors learn more about its construction and history.
Georgia Southern Report on Camp Lawton.
The treatment of POWs by both sides is a particularly dark chapter in the history of the American Civil War. It is a tale replete with poor planning, inadequate infrastructure, fatal illnesses, mutual recriminations, and lingering bitterness. Tragically, many captured soldiers who had survived death-dealing battlefields found themselves in situations that rendered mortality in other less “heroic” ways.Camp Lawton is an integral part of that history. Described by its builder, Brigadier General John H. Winder, as “the largest prison in the world,” Camp Lawton was hastily constructed in the late summer and fall of 1864 to alleviate the horrendous overcrowding and supply and health problems of the Confederate military prison at Andersonville (Camp Sumter), Georgia, that eventually resulted in the deaths of nearly 13,000 Union POWs. The land for the prison was rented from Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Jones, a local widow. Camp Lawton was initially occupied by enlisted Union POWs during the first week of October. Located along the Augusta and Savannah Railroad five miles north of what was then Millen Junction in Burke County, the new prison facility was modeled after Camp Sumter, but in its execution and operation, was an improvement in most respects.
Situated in a shallow valley through which flowed a spring-fed stream, the prison featured a 42-acre compound framed by a 15-foot-high stockade wall of locally harvested pine logs. At regular intervals along the outside walls, guards were stationed in “pigeon roosts” to keep watch over the inmates. A low fence of pine scantlings ran 30 feet inside the perimeter of the stockade wall and served as a “dead line” to keep prisoners away from the wall. Several brick ovens equipped with kettles were built for cooking purposes, although prisoners typically cooked their rations individually and in small messes. The stream flowed through the prison, bisecting it. The upstream portion was used for washing and drinking, and the downstream portion served as a latrine. A wooden bridge crossed the stream at the point where a sutler’s cabin stood. Ancillary facilities — at least three earthworks, a guards’ camp and hospital, log buildings for administrative purposes, a POW hospital, and two burial grounds for POWs — were located around the stockade.
Most POWs transported to Camp Lawton came from Andersonville via Savannah, where they had been temporarily housed pending the completion of the new prison. Upon entering the prison, POWs were marched across the stream to the north side of the compound, where they were organized and divided into detachments. Although no barracks were provided, POWs constructed their own “shebangs” from materials scavenged from the stockade’s construction along with materials — blankets, pieces of clothing, and shelter halves — they had brought with them. Most Camp Lawton POWs were veteran prisoners and, therefore, had weakened constitutions which contributed to illnesses, but exposure also stalked the inmates as the fall weather turned colder. Subfreezing temperatures, freezing rain, and snow flurries — combined with the illnesses — resulted in death for hundreds of POWs.
Although records are incomplete, the prison guard was probably comprised of elements of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Georgia Reserves, the Florida Light Artillery, and the 55th Georgia. Commanded by Colonel Henry Forno, the reserve units were composed basically of teenage males and older men who were poorly equipped and trained. The prison commandant was Captain D.W. Vowles, and the chief surgeon was Dr. Isaiah H. White. On November 8, Vowles submitted the only existent camp return to the Richmond authorities. It listed 10,299 POWs at the prison, of whom 349 had enlisted in the Confederate Army, 486 had died, and 285 were working at the prison.
Not only was the prison’s administrative staff located on site, but also General Winder (Commissary-General of Prisons in Alabama and Georgia) established his headquarters there. Moreover, just before the prison was evacuated, Winder was promoted to Commissary-General of Prisons east of the Mississippi. Therefore, for a time the administrative apparatus of much of the Confederate military prisons was located at Camp Lawton.
Despite certain improvements over Andersonville in rations (quality, variety, and quantity — at least initially), water supply, space, and sanitation, Camp Lawton POWs ultimately suffered the privations of insufficient rations, inadequate housing, damaging exposure, and poor medical care. Among the events transpiring at Camp Lawton during its brief history was a mock presidential election held among the POWs in November in which Lincoln was the easy victor. When Confederates attempted to recruit their captives for military and other service, some “galvanized” and joined the Confederate Army; others signed paroles and worked as butchers, administrative clerks, or cobblers. In the middle of November, an exchange of sick prisoners was arranged, and many Camp Lawton inmates were among the several thousand Union and Confederate POWs who were exchanged through the port of Savannah.
Initially, POW burials were located near the railroad in a series of three trenches; later burials were located in a trench near the mill pond downstream from the stockade. Although records differ, at least 725 Union soldiers died at Camp Lawton. Following the war, the Army Quartermaster-General’s Office consolidated the burials of Union dead and established the short-lived Lawton National Cemetery on a four-acre plot near the site of the former prison. A dispute with the landowner led to the closure of the cemetery in February 1868, and the bodies were transferred to Beaufort (S.C.) National Cemetery.
The approach of Sherman’s forces brought Camp Lawton to a precipitous end. The last POWs were evacuated on November 22, barely six weeks after the first prisoners had arrived and only four days before Union cavalry reached the empty stockade. Shipped to Savannah, some POWs were then taken into South Carolina; others were transported to a temporary prison near Blackshear, Georgia. Following the war, the memory of Camp Lawton receded, and the physical remains of the prison almost disappeared. In 1939, a Civilian Conservation Corps camp was established at the site and began the construction of Magnolia Springs State Park that encompassed almost the entire site of Camp Lawton. Today, the collaborative efforts of historical scholarship and archaeological investigations, as well as information gained from recent document discoveries, are combining to reconstruct the story of “the world’s largest prison.”
Magnolia Springs State Park is open daily from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. and is located 5 miles north of Millen on U.S. 25. Well that was a relatively short Natural Wonder so let's do a history tangent on the County.
Jenkins County
Jenkins County, located in the southeastern part of the state, is Georgia's 140th county and has an area of 350 square miles. It was created by an act of the state legislature on August 17, 1905, from parts of Bulloch, Burke, Emanuel, and Screven counties. The original name proposed for the new county was Dixie, but it was ultimately decided to name the county in honor of Charles Jones Jenkins, a judge and Reconstruction-era governor of the state.
Jenkins.
Millen is the county seat of Jenkins County and is also the reason for its existence. The town had been split between Burke and Screven counties. Residents of this small town had grown weary of its precarious location near the corner of four very large counties because of the impact it had on jurisdictional issues and the distance to the various county seats, which averaged twenty miles.
In 1903 the Millen News Publishing Company was created. The newspaper it published became a mouthpiece for the growing sentiment to create a new county for Millen. In 1905 donations were gathered to send several citizens to Atlanta to petition the legislature for a new county. In August of that year the legislature listened to their pleas, and Jenkins County was created.
Jenkins County contains several historically significant places. Big Buckhead Baptist Church, named for the stream that flows nearby, was constituted in 1787 and is one of the oldest Baptist churches in the state.
Four different structures have housed the church on its present site. The church that stands today was constructed in 1830.
Outside
Inside
There was a small Civil War skirmish here.
The tiny community of Birdsville is the site of an antebellum manor known as the Birdsville Plantation. It sits on a plot that was originally part of a 500-acre land grant to Francis Jones by the governor and council of Georgia before the Revolutionary War (1775-83).
When Jones died in 1774, his two sons, Francis Jones, Jr. and James Jones, inherited the land, which became a thriving plantation. In turn James's son Phillip Jones inherited the property and began construction on the plantation house.
Phillip's grandson William Beeman completed the construction in 1847, and the house still stands, though it bears the scars of bullet holes left by the passing army of Union general William T. Sherman.
Birdsville Plantation Wikipedia
Birdsville Plantation, in Birdsville, Jenkins County, Georgia near Millen, is a 50 acres property which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It then included 10 contributing buildings. It is a National Bicentennial Farm.
The plantation property includes a main house, a barn, a privy, a smoke house, an old kitchen, a well house, a log building, an apothecary, a store, and a house and office of Mr. Bird, as well as a pecan grove and historic oak trees. A cotton gin building is included in photographs of the property.
The plantation house survived Sherman's March to the Sea, with reason attributed to Sherman sparing the house due to the death of twins. A version of the story shared online is that Union troops "found freshly dug graves, and began to unearth them looking for hidden silver, valuables, etc. They stopped when they discovered they were actual graves. The lady of the house had recently given birth to twins who had not survived, these were the plundered graves. The plantation was spared complete destruction out of respect."
Birdsville tavern.
It dates from the 1700s and is one of few colonial-era ones in the interior of Georgia. Its front appearance was created in modifications c.1847, under Henry Philip Jones, son of the original owner.
Birdsville underwent a lot of restoration.
The modifications added Greek Revival and Italianate elements in an unusual design. It is a two-story house with an unusual inset front portico, with four columns having Corinthian capitals. Its front facade, which would be flat otherwise, is relieved by two projecting Italianate window bays. It has at least three brick chimneys. Pilasters with Corinthian capitals frame the north side of the house.
Damn, Birdsville worth a visit as a Natural Wonder down the road.
Birdsville's architecture is unusual among plantations in the area. Birdsville was located in Burke County until Jenkins County was carved out in 1905.
Back to Jenkins County
The Jenkins County courthouse in Millen was built in 1910 in the neoclassical revival style.
The architect was L. F. Goodrich.
According to the 2010 census, the population of Jenkins County is 8,340, a decrease from the 2000 population of 8,575. The county remains mostly rural, with many residents working in agriculture and agribusiness.
The major crops are cotton, peanuts, wheat, rye, corn, soybeans, and timber.
Geography
Most of the southern portion of Jenkins County, from southwest of Millen to west of Hiltonia, is located in the Lower Ogeechee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin, with the exception of very small parts of the southwestern corner of the county, north and east of Garfield, which are located in the Canoochee River sub-basin of the same Ogeechee River basin.
The northwestern portion of Jenkins County is located in the Upper Ogeechee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin, with just the northeastern corner of the county located in the Brier Creek sub-basin of the Savannah River basin.
Milen
Millen lies on the Ogeechee River in Jenkins County, approximately fifty miles south of Augusta, and is the county seat. The earliest settlement in the area, dating back to 1835, Millen was originally called "79" due to its approximate distance from Savannah. At the time, the settlement straddled the line between Burke and Screven counties.
The driving force behind the development of Millen was the railroad boom that swept Georgia in the 1840s and 1850s. In 1854 the Central of Georgia Railway, originating from Savannah, and the Georgia Railroad, originating from Augusta, connected at 79. Soon the town became known as Millen's Junction, named for McPherson B. Millen, the superintendent of the Central of Georgia Railway. Shortly thereafter a train depot, warehouses, and a hotel sprang up in Millen's Junction.
During the Civil War (1861-65) a site for a prison camp to house Union soldiers was chosen just outside of Millen's Junction. Fort Lawton was built in what is today Magnolia Springs State Park; the location was favorable because of its easy access to water, which was supplied by the springs, and because of its proximity to the railroad.
On December 3, 1864, Sherman's March to the Sea passed through Millen. Prior to the arrival of Union forces, Confederate soldiers evacuated the Fort Lawton prisoners to Savannah. Union troops found the existence of the prison camp and the proximity of a train depot sufficient reason to destroy Millen's Junction.
After the war, the town was rebuilt. In 1881 the city, now called Millen, was incorporated by an act of the state legislature. As the town began to grow, residents in and around Millen began to lobby for the creation of their own county. The city was oddly positioned at almost the exact corner of four very large counties: Bulloch, Burke, Emanuel, and Screven.
The county lines of Burke and Screven ran directly through the center of town, which made it difficult for Millen citizens to conduct business at the various county seats, especially by horse and wagon.
In 1905 the state legislature created Jenkins County. Millen was named the county seat, and a courthouse was built there in 1910.
Dawg Song Tangent
In April 1919, a violent mob formed in Jenkins County, Georgia, after a Black man shot and killed a white sheriff’s deputy. Louis Ruffin, an Army veteran, pulled out his gun to defend his family during a tense altercation between his father, a wealthy community leader named Joe Ruffin, and two police officers.
Jenkins County Riots
The terror started on the Ruffin family’s way to a festival at Carswell Grove Baptist Church, where Joe Ruffin would serve as marshal. On the road, Joe saw a friend, Edmond Scott, sitting in the back seat of a police car. The automobiles stopped and Joe got out. He offered to pay his friend’s bail ($400) by check. The officers refused the check, demanding cash instead. This would not be possible on a Sunday. Then, Joe reportedly moved to collect his friend. Violence erupted at the scene when W. Clifford Brown, the deputy, pistol whipped Joe and the gun discharged. Louis acted swiftly and shot Brown. Then, the Black men moved to defend themselves against the second officer who pulled out a gun. They killed him as well, but not before Brown shot Scott.
A white mob quickly formed and went on a rampage. The mob burned the church down, then killed two of Ruffin’s sons—one of them a thirteen-year-old. Rioters threw the bodies in the flames, then spread out through the area, burning Black lodges, churches, and cars. They killed several other people; no one knows how many. The wounded Joe Ruffin was saved from the lynch mob only because a white county commissioner drove him at high speed to the nearest big city, Augusta, and put him in the county jail there.
Ruffin was charged with the murder of the two white officers and for months was threatened with lynching. No one was ever charged with the killings of his sons, the destruction of the church, or other crimes against African Americans throughout the county.
Later he told a jury: “There is nobody as worried for what happened at Carswell Grove Church on that awful day as I am.”
Louis and Joe Ruffin escaped with their lives, but both died in exile. Guilty of murder, Louis fled from Georgia and went into hiding. His father died a free man in South Carolina, but was impoverished by the legal fees that kept him out of prison and separated from his three sons, his home, and their community.
The church building was rebuilt after the riots in 1919, but destroyed again by arson in 2014.
According to the 2010 U.S. census, the population of Millen was 3,120. Today Millen's economy is based primarily on agriculture, agribusiness, and forestry resources.
The town has its own hospital, Jenkins County Hospital, and is the site for the county's elementary, middle, and high schools.
Residents celebrate a fall festival, known as the Fair on the Square, each October at the courthouse square. The festival consists of arts and crafts and games for children.
Don't forget the reason we came to this part of the State as nearby Magnolia Springs State Park offers a freshwater aquarium and a variety of opportunities for recreation. that include hiking, biking, swimming, and fishing.
Well we come full circle with today's post and we come back to our GNW Gal today at the Springs.
One more waterfall and one more swamp to get to #120. Lot of places cued up after that. Still tweaking old post to make sure my personal images are saved on Imgur instead of unreliable Facebook. Bear with me folks.
OK I need just two more swamps for my waterfall to swamp run of Natural Wonders. While it may not be a full swamp, it does have boardwalks and alligators, so we turn to ........
Magnolia Springs State Park is a 1,070-acre Georgia state park located between Perkins and Millen in Jenkins County. The park was built as a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps and opened in 1939. The park is well known for its crystal clear springs that are estimated to flow 7 million US gallons per day.
A TRD Nugget as the Grateful Dead sing about Sugar Magnolia. Play as you view the post.
The park also offers unique wildlife near the springs, including alligators, turtles, and a variety of birds and fish.
During the American Civil War the area that now comprises the day-use area of the park was used as a prison, and was called Camp Lawton, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park still houses remnants of the earthen fort that guarded the 10,000-prisoner camp.
Two huge timbers, possibly from the prison but more likely from work done by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1938 and 1942, were recovered from the spring run.
The park has 26 tent/RV campsite, eight fully furnished cottages with central HVAC and satellite TV a, a 16-person Group Lodge with satellite TV and screened back porch, and a new History Center that currently displays some of the first artifacts excavated by the archaeology team from Georgia Southern University.
Georgia Southern's Sociology/Anthropology Department has been conducting surveys and excavations for a number of years at the park, serving as a partner in revealing and interpreting the history of Camp Lawton. In the summer of 2015 the park is opening a splash pad to ultimately take the place of the aging and underused swimming pool.
The nearby Bo Ginn Aquarium and Fish Hatchery has been closed since 2010 after a short period of operation by the Jenkins County Development Authority, but had also been closed twice before by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (1997) and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (2007).
Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery and Aquarium
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) expects to bring the Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery into operation in the spring of 2011.
Located in Millen, Georgia, halfway between Augusta and Savannah, the 127-acre Bo Ginn hatchery is a valuable asset for aquatic resource conservation in the Southeast. The hatchery accesses crystal clear springs that are estimated to flow between seven to nine million gallons per day. It will serve as a refuge for threatened and endangered aquatic species and other rare species of concern.
Species of fish raised at the hatchery will depend on the particular needs at the time and will be in cooperation with partners, including the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Fish that occur in more than one state, such as striped bass, are priority species for the National Fish Hatchery System, and will likely be raised at Bo Ginn NFH.
The Bo Ginn Aquarium at the hatchery has been operated by the Jenkins County Development Authority for the past year. The Service plans to continue that partnership and anticipates the aquarium will eventually become a fully functioning component of the hatchery.
In 1950, the FWS established the Millen National Fish Hatchery on the site. In 1988, it was renamed the Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery and Aquarium in honor of Ronald “Bo” Ginn, who represented Georgia’s 1st District in Congress from 1972-1982.
Bo
In 1996, Bo Ginn ceased operation, and the FWS transferred use and occupancy of the hatchery to the state of Georgia. In December, 2009, Georgia transferred use of the hatchery back to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The land itself has remained in federal ownership since 1948.
Spring & Trails
Magnolia Springs State Park is known for its crystal-clear springs flowing 7 to 9 million gallons of water per day and the beautiful boardwalk which spans the cool water.
During warmer months, visitors may watch for alligators, turtles and other wildlife near the springs.
A 28-acre lake with accessible dock is available for fishing and boating.
Numerous picnic shelters and tables are perfect locations for family reunions and birthday parties.
Magnolia Springs State Park is part of both the Park Paddlers Club and the Muddy Spokes Club. Paddlers who explore the small lake and bikers who finish the parks 3-mile loop can work toward earning members-only t-shirts.
Woodpecker Trail
This short trail starts with a boardwalk loop near Magnolia Springs, which flows at 7 million gallons per day.
The pool near the springs is crystal clear, but you don't want to swim in it with the alligators.
You can also expect to see turtles and a number of species of birds.
After the boardwalk section ends, the soil base becomes sandy—mostly hard packed but occasionally beach like.
There are a few roots along the way, but overall the trail is very easy.
There are interpretive signs along the way that list the different animals you can expect to see in the area.
Magnolia Springs Loop Trail
Magnolia Springs Loop Trail is a 3.8 mile lightly trafficked loop trail located near Millen, Georgia that offers the chance to see wildlife and is good for all skill levels. The trail offers a number of activity options and is accessible year-round. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
A little bit of history and a wonderful nature hike! I didn’t think I would see so much here, beautiful little park. I saw it. woodpecker in the first 10 minutes of being here.
Then there were alligators, turtles and fish swimming in the spring. Also saw a snake, an owl, heard and saw several types of song birds, an osprey, and a hawk. Wildflowers and trees were in bloom. The trails had a lot of tree roots sticking up, so watch for them.
Overall the trails were real easy to navigate. Only one hill to go up, flat or sloping most of the rest of the hike. Bikers do use the Lime Sink Trail. Hardly anyone on the trails, made for a very peaceful hike!
History
Camp Lawton was established during the Civil War in the fall of 1864 by the Confederate Army to house Union prisoners of war. The Magnolia Springs site was selected to take advantage of the abundant water supply. Built by slave labor and a group of Union prisoners of pine timber harvested on site, the walls measured 12 to 15 feet high. The stockade began receiving the first of at least 10,299 prisoners in early October. The post was abandoned by the end of November when threatened by Sherman’s drive on Savannah.
Research using ground-penetrating radar conducted in December 2009 by the Lamar Institute of Technology revealed a possible location for the southwest corner of the prison stockade. In 2010 Georgia Southern University undertook archaeological investigations to "ground truth" the results of the GPR survey. In August of that year several Georgia Southern archaeology students uncovered the stockade and around 200 Civil War artifacts. The students had used watercolors by an imprisoned private to locate the site.
Camp Lawton or the Millen Prison was a stockade which held Union soldiers who been taken as prisoners-of-war during the American Civil War. It opened in October 1864 near Millen, Georgia, in Jenkins County and had to be evacuated within six weeks, due to the advance of Sherman's army through Georgia. With an area of 42 acres and holding over 10,000 of a planned 40,000 men, it was said to be the largest prison in the world at that time.
The area of Magnolia Springs State Park that now comprises the day-use area was used as the prison. The park still houses remnants of the earthen fort that guarded the 10,000-prisoner camp. Two huge timbers, possibly from the prison but more likely from work done by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1938 and 1942, were recovered. The park's new History Center currently displays some of the first artifacts excavated by the archaeology team from Georgia Southern University. Georgia Southern's Sociology/Anthropology Department has been conducting surveys and excavations for a number of years at the park, serving as a partner in revealing and interpreting the history of Camp Lawton.
Magnolia Springs State Park now incorporates the area of Camp Lawton, including some historic earthworks.
Another Account of Camp Lawton
In operation for only three months, Camp Lawton was a major Civil War prison built by Confederates in 1864 near Millen, Georgia. The site is preserved today at Magnolia Springs State Park in Millen, about one hour south of Augusta.
By the summer of 1864, the Confederate prisoner of war camp at Andersonville was hopelessly overcrowded. The death rate was alarming and Southern officers scrambled to do something to alleviate the situation. The Union had put a halt to prisoner exchanges and the Confederacy found itself dealing with ever increasing numbers of prisoners of war.
General John H. Winder, who oversaw prison camps in the South, ordered the construction of a new stockade on a farm near Millen, Georgia. Owned by Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Jones, the property held the advantages of being near a railroad that could be used to move large numbers of prisoners. It also had a good water supply thanks to a large spring adjacent to the stockade site.
The prison was built by enslaved laborers starting in the late summer of 1864. Working under the supervision of military officers, the slaves built a stockade of locally-harvested pine logs that enclosed an area of 42-acres. General Winder described it as the "largest prison in the world," and he was probably correct.
The walls stood 15-feet high and sentry boxes or "pigeon roosts" were placed atop the wall at regular intervals around the entire enclosure.
The stream flowing from the springs passed through the enclosure to provide water for drinking and washing. It also removed waste from the latrines as it flowed out of the prison.Inside the stockade at a distance of 30-feet from the walls, saplings were used to mark a "dead line." Any prisoner approaching the walls beyond this point could expect to be shot.On the high ground surrounding the prison, the Confederates built strong earthwork forts, a camp for the troops assigned to guard the prison and other needed facilities.
The forts were designed not only to protect the prison from attack, but also to make sure the prisoners did not try to riot and break free. The muzzles of cannon frowned down into the stockade from behind the earthen walls.Most of the prisoners of war sent to Camp Lawton in the fall of 1864 came from the overcrowded Camp Sumter at Andersonville. Brought in by rail to nearby Millen, they were marched the remaining 5 miles to the prison.
Assigned to guard the prisoners were the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Georgia Reserves, the 55th Georgia and the Florida Light Artillery. The reserves and infantrymen manned the "pigeon roosts" and other guard posts while the Florida artillerymen served the cannon that overlooked the stockade. The prisoners confined at Camp Lawton lived a pretty miserable existence. Barracks were not provided for them so they built their own shelters or "shebangs" out of brush left behind from the stockade construction. More than a few also burrowed into the earth.
Archaeological work at the site has been carried out by Georgia Southern University. Working during the summers of 2010 and 2011, the archaeologists have found buried parts of the stockade and other structures, as well as a wealth of artifacts left behind by the prisoners themselves. By November of 1864, more than 10,000 POW's had been confined at Camp Lawton. Of this number, 725 died and were buried in two adjacent cemeteries. Their bodies were later removed to Beaufort National Cemetery.
Some of the prisoners left in an exchange of sick or wounded POW's at Savannah worked out by the two armies. The rest were quickly evacuated when news arrived that General William Tecumseh Sherman was advancing through Georgia on his March to the Sea. The last prisoners left on November 22, 1864.Union cavalry forces reached Camp Lawton four days later and, after walking through the sobering and adjacent cemeteries, applied the torch to both the stockade and adjacent buildings.
The site is now preserved at Magnolia Springs State Park and the adjacent Bo Ginn National Fish Hatchery. An interpretive kiosk, signs and the earthwork remains of the forts that guarded the prison help visitors learn more about its construction and history.
Georgia Southern Report on Camp Lawton.
The treatment of POWs by both sides is a particularly dark chapter in the history of the American Civil War. It is a tale replete with poor planning, inadequate infrastructure, fatal illnesses, mutual recriminations, and lingering bitterness. Tragically, many captured soldiers who had survived death-dealing battlefields found themselves in situations that rendered mortality in other less “heroic” ways.Camp Lawton is an integral part of that history. Described by its builder, Brigadier General John H. Winder, as “the largest prison in the world,” Camp Lawton was hastily constructed in the late summer and fall of 1864 to alleviate the horrendous overcrowding and supply and health problems of the Confederate military prison at Andersonville (Camp Sumter), Georgia, that eventually resulted in the deaths of nearly 13,000 Union POWs. The land for the prison was rented from Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Jones, a local widow. Camp Lawton was initially occupied by enlisted Union POWs during the first week of October. Located along the Augusta and Savannah Railroad five miles north of what was then Millen Junction in Burke County, the new prison facility was modeled after Camp Sumter, but in its execution and operation, was an improvement in most respects.
Situated in a shallow valley through which flowed a spring-fed stream, the prison featured a 42-acre compound framed by a 15-foot-high stockade wall of locally harvested pine logs. At regular intervals along the outside walls, guards were stationed in “pigeon roosts” to keep watch over the inmates. A low fence of pine scantlings ran 30 feet inside the perimeter of the stockade wall and served as a “dead line” to keep prisoners away from the wall. Several brick ovens equipped with kettles were built for cooking purposes, although prisoners typically cooked their rations individually and in small messes. The stream flowed through the prison, bisecting it. The upstream portion was used for washing and drinking, and the downstream portion served as a latrine. A wooden bridge crossed the stream at the point where a sutler’s cabin stood. Ancillary facilities — at least three earthworks, a guards’ camp and hospital, log buildings for administrative purposes, a POW hospital, and two burial grounds for POWs — were located around the stockade.
Most POWs transported to Camp Lawton came from Andersonville via Savannah, where they had been temporarily housed pending the completion of the new prison. Upon entering the prison, POWs were marched across the stream to the north side of the compound, where they were organized and divided into detachments. Although no barracks were provided, POWs constructed their own “shebangs” from materials scavenged from the stockade’s construction along with materials — blankets, pieces of clothing, and shelter halves — they had brought with them. Most Camp Lawton POWs were veteran prisoners and, therefore, had weakened constitutions which contributed to illnesses, but exposure also stalked the inmates as the fall weather turned colder. Subfreezing temperatures, freezing rain, and snow flurries — combined with the illnesses — resulted in death for hundreds of POWs.
Although records are incomplete, the prison guard was probably comprised of elements of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Georgia Reserves, the Florida Light Artillery, and the 55th Georgia. Commanded by Colonel Henry Forno, the reserve units were composed basically of teenage males and older men who were poorly equipped and trained. The prison commandant was Captain D.W. Vowles, and the chief surgeon was Dr. Isaiah H. White. On November 8, Vowles submitted the only existent camp return to the Richmond authorities. It listed 10,299 POWs at the prison, of whom 349 had enlisted in the Confederate Army, 486 had died, and 285 were working at the prison.
Not only was the prison’s administrative staff located on site, but also General Winder (Commissary-General of Prisons in Alabama and Georgia) established his headquarters there. Moreover, just before the prison was evacuated, Winder was promoted to Commissary-General of Prisons east of the Mississippi. Therefore, for a time the administrative apparatus of much of the Confederate military prisons was located at Camp Lawton.
Despite certain improvements over Andersonville in rations (quality, variety, and quantity — at least initially), water supply, space, and sanitation, Camp Lawton POWs ultimately suffered the privations of insufficient rations, inadequate housing, damaging exposure, and poor medical care. Among the events transpiring at Camp Lawton during its brief history was a mock presidential election held among the POWs in November in which Lincoln was the easy victor. When Confederates attempted to recruit their captives for military and other service, some “galvanized” and joined the Confederate Army; others signed paroles and worked as butchers, administrative clerks, or cobblers. In the middle of November, an exchange of sick prisoners was arranged, and many Camp Lawton inmates were among the several thousand Union and Confederate POWs who were exchanged through the port of Savannah.
Initially, POW burials were located near the railroad in a series of three trenches; later burials were located in a trench near the mill pond downstream from the stockade. Although records differ, at least 725 Union soldiers died at Camp Lawton. Following the war, the Army Quartermaster-General’s Office consolidated the burials of Union dead and established the short-lived Lawton National Cemetery on a four-acre plot near the site of the former prison. A dispute with the landowner led to the closure of the cemetery in February 1868, and the bodies were transferred to Beaufort (S.C.) National Cemetery.
The approach of Sherman’s forces brought Camp Lawton to a precipitous end. The last POWs were evacuated on November 22, barely six weeks after the first prisoners had arrived and only four days before Union cavalry reached the empty stockade. Shipped to Savannah, some POWs were then taken into South Carolina; others were transported to a temporary prison near Blackshear, Georgia. Following the war, the memory of Camp Lawton receded, and the physical remains of the prison almost disappeared. In 1939, a Civilian Conservation Corps camp was established at the site and began the construction of Magnolia Springs State Park that encompassed almost the entire site of Camp Lawton. Today, the collaborative efforts of historical scholarship and archaeological investigations, as well as information gained from recent document discoveries, are combining to reconstruct the story of “the world’s largest prison.”
Magnolia Springs State Park is open daily from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. and is located 5 miles north of Millen on U.S. 25. Well that was a relatively short Natural Wonder so let's do a history tangent on the County.
Jenkins County
Jenkins County, located in the southeastern part of the state, is Georgia's 140th county and has an area of 350 square miles. It was created by an act of the state legislature on August 17, 1905, from parts of Bulloch, Burke, Emanuel, and Screven counties. The original name proposed for the new county was Dixie, but it was ultimately decided to name the county in honor of Charles Jones Jenkins, a judge and Reconstruction-era governor of the state.
Jenkins.
Millen is the county seat of Jenkins County and is also the reason for its existence. The town had been split between Burke and Screven counties. Residents of this small town had grown weary of its precarious location near the corner of four very large counties because of the impact it had on jurisdictional issues and the distance to the various county seats, which averaged twenty miles.
In 1903 the Millen News Publishing Company was created. The newspaper it published became a mouthpiece for the growing sentiment to create a new county for Millen. In 1905 donations were gathered to send several citizens to Atlanta to petition the legislature for a new county. In August of that year the legislature listened to their pleas, and Jenkins County was created.
Jenkins County contains several historically significant places. Big Buckhead Baptist Church, named for the stream that flows nearby, was constituted in 1787 and is one of the oldest Baptist churches in the state.
Four different structures have housed the church on its present site. The church that stands today was constructed in 1830.
Outside
Inside
There was a small Civil War skirmish here.
The tiny community of Birdsville is the site of an antebellum manor known as the Birdsville Plantation. It sits on a plot that was originally part of a 500-acre land grant to Francis Jones by the governor and council of Georgia before the Revolutionary War (1775-83).
When Jones died in 1774, his two sons, Francis Jones, Jr. and James Jones, inherited the land, which became a thriving plantation. In turn James's son Phillip Jones inherited the property and began construction on the plantation house.
Phillip's grandson William Beeman completed the construction in 1847, and the house still stands, though it bears the scars of bullet holes left by the passing army of Union general William T. Sherman.
Birdsville Plantation Wikipedia
Birdsville Plantation, in Birdsville, Jenkins County, Georgia near Millen, is a 50 acres property which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It then included 10 contributing buildings. It is a National Bicentennial Farm.
The plantation property includes a main house, a barn, a privy, a smoke house, an old kitchen, a well house, a log building, an apothecary, a store, and a house and office of Mr. Bird, as well as a pecan grove and historic oak trees. A cotton gin building is included in photographs of the property.
The plantation house survived Sherman's March to the Sea, with reason attributed to Sherman sparing the house due to the death of twins. A version of the story shared online is that Union troops "found freshly dug graves, and began to unearth them looking for hidden silver, valuables, etc. They stopped when they discovered they were actual graves. The lady of the house had recently given birth to twins who had not survived, these were the plundered graves. The plantation was spared complete destruction out of respect."
Birdsville tavern.
It dates from the 1700s and is one of few colonial-era ones in the interior of Georgia. Its front appearance was created in modifications c.1847, under Henry Philip Jones, son of the original owner.
Birdsville underwent a lot of restoration.
The modifications added Greek Revival and Italianate elements in an unusual design. It is a two-story house with an unusual inset front portico, with four columns having Corinthian capitals. Its front facade, which would be flat otherwise, is relieved by two projecting Italianate window bays. It has at least three brick chimneys. Pilasters with Corinthian capitals frame the north side of the house.
Damn, Birdsville worth a visit as a Natural Wonder down the road.
Birdsville's architecture is unusual among plantations in the area. Birdsville was located in Burke County until Jenkins County was carved out in 1905.
Back to Jenkins County
The Jenkins County courthouse in Millen was built in 1910 in the neoclassical revival style.
The architect was L. F. Goodrich.
According to the 2010 census, the population of Jenkins County is 8,340, a decrease from the 2000 population of 8,575. The county remains mostly rural, with many residents working in agriculture and agribusiness.
The major crops are cotton, peanuts, wheat, rye, corn, soybeans, and timber.
Geography
Most of the southern portion of Jenkins County, from southwest of Millen to west of Hiltonia, is located in the Lower Ogeechee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin, with the exception of very small parts of the southwestern corner of the county, north and east of Garfield, which are located in the Canoochee River sub-basin of the same Ogeechee River basin.
The northwestern portion of Jenkins County is located in the Upper Ogeechee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin, with just the northeastern corner of the county located in the Brier Creek sub-basin of the Savannah River basin.
Milen
Millen lies on the Ogeechee River in Jenkins County, approximately fifty miles south of Augusta, and is the county seat. The earliest settlement in the area, dating back to 1835, Millen was originally called "79" due to its approximate distance from Savannah. At the time, the settlement straddled the line between Burke and Screven counties.
The driving force behind the development of Millen was the railroad boom that swept Georgia in the 1840s and 1850s. In 1854 the Central of Georgia Railway, originating from Savannah, and the Georgia Railroad, originating from Augusta, connected at 79. Soon the town became known as Millen's Junction, named for McPherson B. Millen, the superintendent of the Central of Georgia Railway. Shortly thereafter a train depot, warehouses, and a hotel sprang up in Millen's Junction.
During the Civil War (1861-65) a site for a prison camp to house Union soldiers was chosen just outside of Millen's Junction. Fort Lawton was built in what is today Magnolia Springs State Park; the location was favorable because of its easy access to water, which was supplied by the springs, and because of its proximity to the railroad.
On December 3, 1864, Sherman's March to the Sea passed through Millen. Prior to the arrival of Union forces, Confederate soldiers evacuated the Fort Lawton prisoners to Savannah. Union troops found the existence of the prison camp and the proximity of a train depot sufficient reason to destroy Millen's Junction.
After the war, the town was rebuilt. In 1881 the city, now called Millen, was incorporated by an act of the state legislature. As the town began to grow, residents in and around Millen began to lobby for the creation of their own county. The city was oddly positioned at almost the exact corner of four very large counties: Bulloch, Burke, Emanuel, and Screven.
The county lines of Burke and Screven ran directly through the center of town, which made it difficult for Millen citizens to conduct business at the various county seats, especially by horse and wagon.
In 1905 the state legislature created Jenkins County. Millen was named the county seat, and a courthouse was built there in 1910.
Dawg Song Tangent
In April 1919, a violent mob formed in Jenkins County, Georgia, after a Black man shot and killed a white sheriff’s deputy. Louis Ruffin, an Army veteran, pulled out his gun to defend his family during a tense altercation between his father, a wealthy community leader named Joe Ruffin, and two police officers.
Jenkins County Riots
The terror started on the Ruffin family’s way to a festival at Carswell Grove Baptist Church, where Joe Ruffin would serve as marshal. On the road, Joe saw a friend, Edmond Scott, sitting in the back seat of a police car. The automobiles stopped and Joe got out. He offered to pay his friend’s bail ($400) by check. The officers refused the check, demanding cash instead. This would not be possible on a Sunday. Then, Joe reportedly moved to collect his friend. Violence erupted at the scene when W. Clifford Brown, the deputy, pistol whipped Joe and the gun discharged. Louis acted swiftly and shot Brown. Then, the Black men moved to defend themselves against the second officer who pulled out a gun. They killed him as well, but not before Brown shot Scott.
A white mob quickly formed and went on a rampage. The mob burned the church down, then killed two of Ruffin’s sons—one of them a thirteen-year-old. Rioters threw the bodies in the flames, then spread out through the area, burning Black lodges, churches, and cars. They killed several other people; no one knows how many. The wounded Joe Ruffin was saved from the lynch mob only because a white county commissioner drove him at high speed to the nearest big city, Augusta, and put him in the county jail there.
Ruffin was charged with the murder of the two white officers and for months was threatened with lynching. No one was ever charged with the killings of his sons, the destruction of the church, or other crimes against African Americans throughout the county.
Later he told a jury: “There is nobody as worried for what happened at Carswell Grove Church on that awful day as I am.”
Louis and Joe Ruffin escaped with their lives, but both died in exile. Guilty of murder, Louis fled from Georgia and went into hiding. His father died a free man in South Carolina, but was impoverished by the legal fees that kept him out of prison and separated from his three sons, his home, and their community.
The church building was rebuilt after the riots in 1919, but destroyed again by arson in 2014.
According to the 2010 U.S. census, the population of Millen was 3,120. Today Millen's economy is based primarily on agriculture, agribusiness, and forestry resources.
The town has its own hospital, Jenkins County Hospital, and is the site for the county's elementary, middle, and high schools.
Residents celebrate a fall festival, known as the Fair on the Square, each October at the courthouse square. The festival consists of arts and crafts and games for children.
Don't forget the reason we came to this part of the State as nearby Magnolia Springs State Park offers a freshwater aquarium and a variety of opportunities for recreation. that include hiking, biking, swimming, and fishing.
Well we come full circle with today's post and we come back to our GNW Gal today at the Springs.
One more waterfall and one more swamp to get to #120. Lot of places cued up after that. Still tweaking old post to make sure my personal images are saved on Imgur instead of unreliable Facebook. Bear with me folks.
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